How Do Fingerprint Scanner Works?

Firstly, there are 3 different kinds of scanners available:

1. Optical Scanner:

This type of scanner utilizes light to capture a digital 2D image when the sensor is pressed with your finger. However, this method only produces a 2D photo, not a 3D scan. 

Therefore, if someone touches the photo of your fingerprint on the scanner, it could lead to security breaches.

Drawback: The limitation of this scanner is that it only captures a 2D image.

2. Capacitor sensor

In this type of sensor, a metallic plate is used along with a capacitor. Charges are sent from the capacitor to the metallic plate. 

The waves of the fingerprint receive these charges, and the data is analyzed and stored digitally based on the amount of charge given and taken back.

This sensor provides enhanced security compared to the optical scanner as it does not rely on images of prints.

Drawback: A wet finger will not work with this sensor as the charge will distribute in the water, resulting in incorrect data.

3. Ultrasonic Scanner

Sonar sensor-sensor send some ultrasound signal if that touches some object and comes back, it creates a 3d model of that…bats also use this technique to avoid object while flying.

Similarly, an Ultrasonic Scanner works. Scanner send Ultrasonic waves and received if it comes back light will be different intensity and from each part of prints. And hence it creates a 3d model of your fingerprint.

This type of technique is very advance and no vulnerability.

Drawback : If sensor it is on a smartphone with template glass, it can cause a little bit of issue in sending sonic waves.